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In conclusion, behavior is no longer a niche specialty within veterinary science; it is the lens through which all aspects of animal health—prevention, diagnosis, treatment, and recovery—should be viewed. The compassionate and effective veterinarian is, by necessity, a student of behavior.

Tinbergen, N. (1963). On the aims and methods of ethology. Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie, 20(3), 245-273. zooskool com horse rapidshare hot

| Behavioral Sign | Possible Medical Cause | | :--- | :--- | | | Pain (arthritis, dental disease), hyperthyroidism (cats), brain tumor, rabies, hypoglycemia | | House soiling (cats) | Urinary tract infection, chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, inflammatory bowel disease | | Nocturnal vocalization (senior dogs) | Canine cognitive dysfunction (doggie Alzheimer's), vision/hearing loss, pain | | Compulsive circling/tail chasing | Neurological lesion (forebrain), seizure disorder, liver shunt (hepatic encephalopathy) | | Pica (eating non-food items) | Anemia (iron deficiency), exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, dietary deficiency, GI parasites | | Lethargy/hiding | Pain, fever, neoplasia, depression (as a clinical sign of systemic illness) | In conclusion, behavior is no longer a niche

Acute onset of aggression in a normally gentle dog is a classic indicator of pain, often originating from dental disease, spinal issues, or hip dysplasia. (1963)

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Behavioral changes are often the very first clinical signs of illness or pain in animals. Because animals cannot verbally communicate their discomfort, they express physical distress through altered actions.